What’s the Difference Between a Panic Attack and an Anxiety Attack?

As our understanding of mental health continues to evolve, it’s important to distinguish between different conditions that may share similar symptoms. Two terms that are often used interchangeably are “panic attack” and “anxiety attack.” While they may seem similar, there are distinct differences between the two. In this article, we’ll explore the characteristics, causes, and treatment options for panic attacks and anxiety attacks.

Understanding Anxiety Attacks

Anxiety attacks, although not officially recognized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), are commonly associated with several psychiatric disorders. These include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, separation anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and specific phobias.

Anxiety is typically triggered by the anticipation of a stressful situation or experience. It may manifest gradually and is characterized by worry, distress, and fear. The lack of diagnostic recognition for anxiety attacks means that the signs and symptoms can vary from person to person. While one individual may describe having an anxiety attack, another may have different experiences despite also identifying it as an anxiety attack.

Exploring Panic Attacks

Panic attacks, on the other hand, are defined and recognized in the DSM-5. They are sudden and intense episodes of fear accompanied by challenging physical symptoms such as a racing heartbeat, shortness of breath, and nausea. Panic attacks can occur unexpectedly (unexpected panic attacks) or be triggered by specific external stressors (expected panic attacks) such as phobias.

Experiencing a single panic attack does not necessarily mean an individual has panic disorder. However, repeated panic attacks may indicate the presence of this specific mental health condition. Panic disorder is characterized by sudden and recurrent panic attacks, often leading to worries or fears related to having another attack. This may result in behavioral changes, such as avoiding situations or places that could trigger a panic attack.

Symptoms of Panic Attacks vs. Anxiety Attacks

Although panic attacks and anxiety attacks share emotional and physical symptoms, there are some distinctions worth noting. It’s possible to experience both an anxiety attack and a panic attack simultaneously, particularly in situations where anxiety builds up and culminates in a panic attack.

Common symptoms of both panic attacks and anxiety attacks include apprehension, distress, fear of losing control or dying, and a sense of detachment from oneself or the world. Additionally, physical symptoms such as heart palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath, and gastrointestinal discomfort may also occur.

Distinguishing panic attacks from anxiety attacks can be challenging due to the overlap in symptoms. However, there are a few factors that can help differentiate the two:

1. Cause: Anxiety attacks are usually related to perceived stress or threats, while panic attacks can occur without an obvious cause. Panic attacks often happen unexpectedly, while anxiety attacks build up gradually.
2. Level of Distress: Anxiety attacks can range from mild to severe, with some individuals experiencing low-level anxiety throughout their daily activities. Panic attacks, on the other hand, tend to be more severe and disruptive.
3. Fight-or-Flight Response: During a panic attack, the body’s fight-or-flight response takes over, resulting in more intense physical symptoms compared to anxiety attacks.
4. Onset: Anxiety attacks may have a gradual onset, while panic attacks tend to occur abruptly.
5. Effect: Panic attacks often trigger worries or fears about having another attack, leading to behavioral changes and avoidance of certain situations.

It’s important to note that only a healthcare professional can provide an accurate diagnosis and differentiate between panic attacks and anxiety attacks based on a thorough evaluation of symptoms and medical history.

Causes and Risk Factors

The causes of panic attacks and anxiety attacks share some similarities. Unexpected panic attacks can occur without any clear external triggers, while expected panic attacks and anxiety attacks may be triggered by similar factors. Some common triggers include stressful jobs, social situations, phobias, traumatic experiences, chronic illnesses, chronic pain, withdrawal from substances, caffeine, medications, and thyroid problems.

Risk factors for both panic attacks and anxiety attacks include experiencing trauma or witnessing traumatic events, experiencing significant life stressors, living with chronic health conditions, having an anxious personality, having a family history of anxiety or panic disorders, and substance use.

Diagnosing Panic Attacks and Anxiety Attacks

Healthcare professionals can diagnose anxiety symptoms, anxiety disorders, panic attacks, and panic disorders. To make a diagnosis, a doctor may conduct a physical examination, blood tests, heart tests (such as an electrocardiogram), and a psychological evaluation or questionnaire.

It’s crucial to rule out other medical conditions that can cause similar symptoms, such as heart disease or thyroid problems. A comprehensive evaluation helps ensure an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.

Treatment Options

Treatment for panic attacks and anxiety attacks may involve a combination of counseling, psychotherapy, medication, and lifestyle changes. Counseling and psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), cognitive therapy, exposure therapy, and relaxation techniques, can help individuals develop coping strategies, reframe negative thoughts, confront fears, and manage stress.

Medications, such as antidepressants (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), beta-blockers, and anti-anxiety drugs (benzodiazepines), may be prescribed to manage symptoms. It’s important to note that medication should be discussed with a healthcare professional, as each option has its own benefits and potential side effects.

In addition to professional treatment, there are home remedies and lifestyle changes that may help manage panic attacks and anxiety attacks. Deep breathing exercises, mindfulness practices, relaxation techniques, and developing a support network can all contribute to symptom relief. It’s important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for an individual’s specific needs.